Biodiversity Heritage Library - Program news and collection highlights from BHL
BHL News, Blog Reel

Expanding Access at ALA Midwinter
Portrait version of the Biodiversity Heritage Library logo.

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Last month, two Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature (EABL) team members attended ALA Midwinter as exhibitors. The conference was held in downtown Atlanta, Georgia from January 20th until the 23rd, minutes away from where the Atlanta Falcons won entry into Super Bowl LI. Patrick Randall and Mariah Lewis were among other first-time exhibitors and spread the word about the IMLS National Leadership Grant Project. The weekend was full of fantastic conversations with librarians from a number of different institutions. Not only were new possible EABL contributors reached, it was also a great chance for those who were unfamiliar with BHL to check it out.

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During the weekend, Mariah attended a discussion group for Digital Special Collections. The session focused on a number of projects being done by multiple different institutions, including projects on early American cookbooks, using Omeka for student exhibits at the University of Florida, interactive touch tables in archives, finding ways to get professors to interact more closely with collections of primary source material, and a project that didn’t intend on being digital.  The presentation led to a discussion of the tools used in digital projects and how to be knowledgeable about their operation while keeping up with the constant updates and changes.

On Tuesday, January 24th, Expanding Access hosted a training session at the Cherokee Garden Library, one of the institutions participating in Expanding Access.

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The Cherokee Garden Library is located at the Atlanta History Center in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1975 by Anne Coppedge Carr, the library was born out of the the Cherokee Garden Club. The collection now holds 32,000 objects—from books and manuscripts to landscape drawings and photographs. Covering topics from garden history to horticulture and plant ecology, the collection emphasizes the southeastern United States and provides a window into the journey of botany and horticulture throughout history.  In 2005, the Cherokee Garden merged with the Kenan Research Center, also at the Atlanta History Center.  The Expanding Access team is honored to help continue Carr’s philosophy of allowing use and access of the treasures within the collection.

BHL Program Director Martin Kalfatovic was gracious enough to give a thorough introduction to BHL that drew local wildlife also interested in BHL to the conference room window — though the inclusion of our avian friend on the project is still under review.  Under the supervision of the curious cardinal, the training session focused on content selection and curation and allowed staff at the library to get hands-on experience with BHL’s curation tool.

While the Atlanta History Center may seem like an unlikely place for biodiversity content to be held, EABL is very excited to include the wide variety of biodiversity-related materials held within this inspirational institution.  Stay tuned for more information on the wonderful contributions from the Cherokee Garden Library, Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center!

Reference

“About the Cherokee Garden Library.” Atlanta History Center. Accessed February 10, 2017. http://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/assets/documents/about_the_cherokee_garden_library_founding_leadership-2.pdf.

February 16, 2017by aneeser
BHL News, Blog Reel

2016: A Banner Year for In-Copyright Content Added to BHL

The last quarter of 2016 continued the year’s steady growth in new permissions for in-copyright titles: 46 in October, November, and December, bringing the year-end total to 154! Major drivers of this growth were the Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature project, staff at BHL participating institutions, and the worldwide BHL user community, which regularly identifies material and recommends it for digitization.

Below is the list of new titles for which BHL received permission in the fourth quarter of 2016. Note that many of the titles are not yet available in BHL because they are still being digitized or uploaded; check the recent additions page to see if a link has been added for a specific work or peruse In-Copyright Titles on the Permissions page.

American Arachnological Society

  1. Journal of Arachnology

Iowa Ornithologists’ Union

  1. Iowa Bird Life

Glasgow Natural History Society

  1. The Glasgow Naturalist

Instituto de Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

  1. Oreades

Virginia Museum of Natural History

  1. Guidebooks
  2. Insects of Virginia
  3. Jeffersoniana
  4. Myriapodologica
  5. Special Publications: Checklist of the Millipeds of Middle and North America
  6. Memoirs

The Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club

  1. The History of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club

Carnegie Museum of Natural History

  1. Annals of the Carnegie Museum
  2. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History
  3. Special PublicationsMemoirs of Carnegie Museum

Western Australian Museum

  1. Records of the Western Australian Museum

South Africa Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)

  1. Smithiana Bulletin
  2. Smithiana Special Publication
  3. Fishes of the Southern Ocean
  4. Otolith Atlas of Southern African Marine Fishes
  5. Biology and Ecology of Fishes in Southern African Estuaries
  6. Revision of the Indo-Pacific Dottyback Fish Subfamily Pseudochromineae

American Fern Society

  1. Pteridologia

Gulf Coast Research Laboratory

  1. Gulf Research Reports
  2. Gulf and Caribbean Research

Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union Birds Section

  1. Ornithological Report
  2. Bird Report

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

  1. Newsletter of the Cary Arboretum
  2. IES Newsletter
  3. Occasional Publications of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
  4. EcoFocus

American Malacological Society

  1. American Malacological Bulletin
  2. Bulletin (American Malacological Union)Annual Reports
  3. Annual Meeting / News Bulletin & Annual Report
  4. Perspectives in Malacology
  5. Proceedings of the 2nd International Corbicula Symposium
  6. Entrainment of Larval Oysters

American Association of Zoo Keepers

  1. Animal Keepers’ Forum

Wyoming Native Plant Society

  1. The Castilleja

Kentucky Society of Natural History

  1. Annals of Kentucky Natural History
  2. Kentucky Naturalist News

Colorado Native Plant Society

  1. Colorado Native Plant Society Newsletter
  2. Aquilegia

Biodiversity Journal

  1. Biodiversity Journal

Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences

  1. Voprosy mikropaleontologii (Questions of micropaleontology)

Thank you to the many individuals and institutions that have so generously given permission for these titles. If you have content you would like to see in BHL, or content you want digitized, please get in touch with the Expanding Access project by emailing Community Manager Patrick Randall at [email protected].

As always, don’t forget to follow BHL on Facebook, Twitter (@BioDivLibrary), Instagram, and Tumblr!

January 24, 2017by eomeara
Blog Reel, Featured Books

The New York Zoological Society

This is part of a series of monthly posts related to the IMLS-funded Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature (EABL) grant. The project, which solicits new content through 2017, is aimed at enhancing BHL’s collection by digitizing valuable and unique material from natural-history related organizations in the U.S. that are outside the BHL consortium. Learn more, and find past blogs, at the EABL wiki.

The New York Zoological Society (NYZS) was chartered in 1895. Its founders were Andrew H. Green, planner of some of New York City’s most important cultural institutions; Henry Fairfield Osborn, professor and curator at the American Museum of Natural History; and Madison Grant, a lawyer and conservationist. The latter two were members of the Boone and Crockett Club, a group of hunters and conservationists founded by fellow New York naturalist Theodore Roosevelt. From the start, this influential coalition dedicated itself to the three “objects of the society,” outlined in the first Annual Report of 1897:

  1. The establishment of a free zoological park containing collections of North American and exotic animals, for the benefit and enjoyment of the general public, the zoologist, the sportsman and every lover of nature.
  2. The systematic encouragement of interest in animal life, or zoology, amongst all classes of the people, and the promotion of zoological science in general.
  3. Co-operation with other organizations in the preservation of the native animals of North America, and encouragement of the growing sentiment against their wanton destruction.

The first goal was realized in 1899 with the opening of the Bronx Zoo, originally called the New York Zoological Park. William Hornaday, the founder of the National Zoo, selected the site, chose curators and staff, and became its first director.

In 1902, New York City gave the NYZS control of the New York Aquarium, located at the time in Battery Park, Manhattan (and since 1957 in Coney Island, Brooklyn). By 1993, when the NYZS changed its name to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the city had handed over the reins of three other wildlife parks: the Central Park Zoo, the Queens Zoo, and the Prospect Park Zoo.

Just as it had wasted no time in opening a “free zoological park,” the NYZS set about accomplishing its second and third goals in short order. On the conservation front, Hornaday was particularly concerned about the state of America’s large mammals, decimated by unchecked hunting. He acquired seven American buffalo (bison) for the Bronx Zoo in 1899; these were used several years later to help reestablish western U.S. populations teetering on the brink of extinction.

Also in 1899, Hornaday hired William C. Beebe as curator of ornithology. Beebe traveled the world doing field research for the Zoo, but his interest was not confined to birds; in 1922 he founded a Department of Tropical Research, and in 1934—on behalf of that department—he descended in a bathysphere to observe the deep sea in the waters off Bermuda. Later on, he turned his attention to insects and reptiles. Much of his research is presented in Zoologica, the scientific journal that NYZS published from 1907 to 1973.

In 1940, Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr, son of the NYZS founding member of the same name, was appointed director. Over the next 22 years, he worked to expand the conservation work of the NYZS, establishing programs in Africa and Southeast Asia. William Conway, who took over as director of the zoo in 1962 and president of the NYZS in 1992, used the zoo to breed endangered species. Today, as the Wildlife Conservation Society, the organization is at work in hundreds of conservation programs around the world and continues to attract visitors to its wildlife parks in New York City.

BHL and the EABL team are grateful to the WCS for granting permission to digitize the complete run of Zoologica, a journal of tremendous scientific importance. Zoologica has been digitized by Smithsonian Libraries and the Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. It is now indexed by article and, together with the other NYZS publications in BHL, chronicles the history and research of one of the world’s most important conservation organizations.

Reference

“History.” WCS Library & Archives. Accessed January 18, 2017.         http://ielc.libguides.com/wcs/archives_history

January 19, 2017by [email protected]
BHL News, Blog Reel

Expanding Access Project: The Year in Review

Just past the halfway point of its 2-year IMLS grant period, the Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature (EABL) project has made significant contributions to BHL’s collections and is well on its way to achieving its stated goals: securing permission for 50 in-copyright titles; adding 100 new contributors; adding 300,000 metadata records; and positioning BHL as an on-ramp for content delivered to the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA).

Background

EABL was conceived to address some of the persistent challenges facing digital repositories in the U.S. scientific community. How do small organizations get involved when they don’t have much content to contribute? How can the necessary metadata be harvested or created to point to their content? And how can the discoverability of that content be improved?

By reaching out to small natural history organizations outside the BHL consortium, EABL has created a pathway for inclusion in BHL, and, ultimately, the U.S. national digital infrastructure (DPLA). The first step is getting content into BHL.

Process

When an institution has already digitized its content, EABL Metadata Specialist Mariah Lewis, at the New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), uploads it to Internet Archive (IA). Because BHL strives to create cover-to-cover digital reproductions of the printed item, this sometimes requires stitching together article PDFs prior to upload. It also requires a MARCXML record, which Mariah pulls from an existing catalog record or, in rare cases, creates from scratch. Once in IA, the content is ingested into the BHL EABL collection, where Mariah curates it to ensure that it displays correct enumeration and metadata. Recently, the EABL team worked with BHL to add a “Rights Holder” field, which distinguishes the organization that owns the copyright for a publication from the “Contributor,” or the organizations that provided the physical copy.

For organizations with material that hasn’t yet been digitized, EABL provides funds for shipping and scanning the material at an IA scanning center. In special cases where the material is too fragile or valuable to ship to IA, EABL is working with third-party scanners or training personnel to do their own in-house scanning. Alternatively, EABL secures permission for a title from the rights holder and then a BHL member library pulls a copy from the shelf and scans it.

Material that is uploaded to BHL will eventually appear in DPLA as well. DPLA is currently mapping its fields to BHL to facilitate this content transfer and will have records ready for review early in the new year. When this process is complete, BHL will be an active “content hub,” aggregating content from smaller providers and feeding it to DPLA.

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For organizations that plan to contribute material to BHL over time, especially those that are interested in becoming BHL Affiliates, Mariah provides training on all aspects of the BHL digitization workflow. She does this in person or virtually, depending on the organization’s needs, and has also created video tutorials of the metadata creation and upload process.

Results

So far, EABL has secured permission for 106 in-copyright titles and added 59 new contributors to BHL. The EABL collection holds 3,428 volumes from 289 titles, containing 377,924 pages. Important titles (some of which have not yet been scanned) include:

An important part of curating these titles, and one that greatly enhances their discoverability, is article and chapter definition. EABL team members Susan Lynch at NYBG and Trish Rose-Sandler at Missouri Botanical Garden (MOBOT) are working to index journals added to BHL through EABL. This involves collecting available citations from the publisher or from databases like Web of Science so that article titles and authors’ names can be isolated. To date, EABL has indexed 58,801 articles and chapters in BHL. The value of this becomes apparent when browsing long-running publications like Zoologica or Kirtlandia, which are now 100% indexed. (For more information about how to view articles, see last month’s blog post about Kirtlandia).

For more information about EABL, please visit the wiki, where you will find an up-to-date list of digitized titles, a list of presentations given about the project, related blog posts, and the EABL Twitter feed.

Get Involved

EABL will receive new content through the fall of 2017. If you know of a publication or institution that you would like to see represented in BHL and DPLA, please contact EABL Community Manager Patrick Randall at [email protected] or Principal Investigator Susan Fraser at [email protected]. If you would like funding for digitization, please fill out the EABL interest survey.

December 15, 2016by eomeara
Blog Reel, Featured Books

Kirtlandia and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History

Origins of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History

The story of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH) begins in the1830s, when a small group of men filled a two-room wooden building in Public Square, downtown Cleveland, with mounted animals. This building was known as the “Ark,” and the men who gathered there, united in their passion for natural history, were called “Arkites.”

The Arkites were led by William Case, who would later become mayor of Cleveland. He, his brother, and his father had used the Ark as a place to retreat from work, and in the absence of any other museums in the city, it became a hub for all kinds of collection and research.

In 1876, the Ark was relocated to Case Hall. It shared the space with other organizations, including the Kirtland Society (formerly the Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences), named after renowned naturalist and fellow Arkite Jared Potter Kirtland, who died the following year. Case Hall remained the home of the Ark until 1916, when it was demolished to make way for the U.S. Post Office, Court House, and Custom House.

The collections of both the Ark and the Kirtland Society found a new home in the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, founded in 1920. CMNH relocated several times as its collections grew, settling eventually at Wade Park, where it is today. William Case’s bird collection can still be viewed there, as well as many of the specimens provided by the Kirtland Society. Other exhibits include Balto, the hero dog of Nome, Alaska; “Dunk,” a large specimen of Dunkleosteus terrelli; and, most famous of all, “Lucy,” discovered in 1974 by former CMNH curator Donald Johanson.

The collections and physical space of the museum continue to grow today; this spring, CMNH unveiled the Ralph Perkins II Wildlife Center & Woods Garden, where visitors can view Ohio flora and fauna in their native habitat.

Kirtlandia

In 1972, CMNH began publishing Kirtlandia, a journal of original, peer-reviewed research by Museum staff. Wendy Wasman, Librarian and Archivist of the Harold T. Clark Library at CMNH, notes that Kirtlandia has a “long history of publishing cutting edge research in the natural sciences…Over the years, there have been articles on dinosaurs, fossil sharks, archaeology, botany, herpetology, mussels, moths, and even an entire issue devoted to paleontological research of the Kenya Rift Valley.”

Early on, Kirtlandia issues focused on a single topic. In the late 1970s, however, issues began to contain multiple articles, and the length of those articles increased. They also featured more photographs and diagrams, though they retained their simple, sparse design.

Kirtlandia is supported by the Kirtlandia Society, founded in 1976 to advance research and education at the museum. Wasman says that because the CMNH library (named the Harold Terry Clark Library in 1972) had an active publications exchange program from the beginning, Kirtlandia can now be found in over 200 university and museum libraries worldwide, and that while publication is currently in hiatus, BHL has given it an even wider reach.

Kirtlandia was digitized by the Smithsonian Libraries as a part of the IMLS-funded Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature (EABL) project. Susan Lynch, an EABL team member at the New York Botanical Garden, worked with Rod Page and BioStor, using metadata provided by Wendy Wasman, to define all of the articles in Kirtlandia. This allows users to search for and navigate to individual articles in the journal without having to scroll through an entire volume or set of volumes.

In search results, Kirtlandia articles can be found under the Articles/Chapters/Treatments tab:
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When browsing from the title page, articles can be found by clicking View Identified Parts:

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Thank you to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and the Harold T. Clark Library for giving us permission to make Kirtlandia available in BHL!

References

“ARK.” The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Last modified July 10, 1997. Accessed November 16, 2016. http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=A16.

“Case Hall.” The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Last modified November 9, 2005. Accessed November 16, 2016. http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=CH.

“History.” Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://www.cmnh.org/about-the-museum/history.

“Kirtlandia Society.” Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Accessed November 16, 2016.
https://www.cmnh.org/kirtlandiasociety.

Splain, Emily. “Cleveland Museum of Natural History.” Cleveland Historical. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/41.

November 17, 2016by eomeara
Blog Reel, Featured Books

A Local Focus: The Native Plant Societies of the U.S.

All over North America, there are organizations that study, preserve, and promote local flora. Called by various names, these organizations fall under the umbrella term “native plant societies.” While they are independent from one state or province to the next, and while some may have a particular focus, such as wildflowers, they have many similarities: their membership is comprised of professional botanists and amateur enthusiasts; they conduct surveys and field research focusing on a specific geographic region; they are actively involved in conservation; and they usually publish a newsletter to keep members apprised of society activities.

Through the Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature project, BHL has received permission for the newsletters of several native plant societies and chapters:

Just as native plant societies share many similarities, so do their newsletters. They typically contain updates about society-sponsored events and meetings, brief features on a particular plant group or biodiverse area, and occasionally tips for identification and cultivation. They also contain pertinent information about conservation initiatives and the kinds of administrative information common to all organizational newsletters. But the most valuable portion of each newsletter, from a biodiversity perspective, is surely the field trip summary. Field trips are a central activity of all native plant societies.

While original botanical research is typically associated with books and peer-reviewed journals (and some societies do publish their own journals), these newsletters are a goldmine of information about rare plants and the ecologically sensitive areas where they’re found; over the years, repeated field trips to these areas reveal trends in the health and abundance of plants, in the same way that Christmas bird counts document changes in avian populations.

For example, the Fall 1981 issue of Claytonia documents the discovery of several rare plants that hadn’t been seen in Arkansas in over 30 years, including the Rose Pogonia orchid, Pogonia ophioglossoides.

Another example: The Harbinger v.30, no.3, contains an account of how a glacial prairie came into possession of the local township after its owner–a farmer who had used the land to graze cattle–passed away. Plans for a baseball field and parking lot were scrapped when the land was found to contain rare plants like Hill’s Thistle (Circium hillii) and Prairie Buttercup (Ranunculus rhomboideus). The article describes efforts by Illinois Native Plant Society members to preserve the land and protect the plants by removing invasives and doing hydrological restoration.

We are grateful to the native plant societies who have generously shared their local expertise by making their newsletters available to researchers through BHL. In addition to the biodiversity information they contain, these publications are a wonderful snapshot of the small, dedicated groups of people working all over the U.S. to document and preserve our native plants.

Are you interested in getting involved in a native plant society near you? If you live in the U.S. or Canada, check this list compiled by the North American Native Plant Society to locate the closest organization.

October 20, 2016by eomeara
BHL News, Blog Reel

In case you missed it: New in-copyright titles added over the summer

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Adding to the second quarter’s successful haul, BHL secured permission for 52 titles in July, August and September. That brings 2016’s total to 108 in-copyright titles thus far! As in the previous two quarters, most of these were added as a result of the Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature project, with significant contributions from the Albany Museum (Grahamstown, South Africa) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).

BHL thanks the many generous content providers—including 19 first-time contributors—who have shared the publications below with our user community and the world. All of the titles are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) 4.0 license. Some are currently being digitized; check BHL’s recent additions for more in the coming weeks.

  1. Raptor Research Foundation
    1. Wingspan
    2. Raptor Research News
    3. Raptor Research
    4. Journal of Raptor Research
  2. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
    1. A History of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 1827-1927
    2. America’s Garden Legacy: A Taste for Pleasure
    3. Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
    4. From Seed to Flower: Philadelphia 1681-1876
    5. Pennsylvania Gardens
    6. Philadelphia Spring Flower Show [title varies]
    7. PHS News
    8. The Green Scene
    9. Yearbook of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
  3. New York State Museum
    1. New York State Museum Bulletin
  4. Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society
    1. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist’ Society
    2. Norfolk Bird and Mammal Report
    3. The Norfolk Natterjack of the NNNS
  5. Chesapeake Bay Foundation
    1. Annual Reports
    2. Investigative Reports
  6. Christopher Parker
    1. Weeds of Bhutan
  7. Carolina Bird Club
    1. The Chat
    2. CBC Newsletter
  8. Cleveland Museum of Natural History
    1. Kirtlandia
  9. Illinois Native Plant Society
    1. The Harbinger
  10. The African Bird Club
    1. Bulletin of the African Bird Club
  11. Michael Jennings
    1. The Phoenix
  12. Kentucky Ornithological Society
    1. The Kentucky Warbler
  13. Western Society of Malacologists
    1. Occasional Papers
  14. Western Field Ornithologists
    1. California Birds
    2. Western Birds
  15. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)
    1. Journal of South African Botany
    2. Strelitzia
    3. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa
    4. Botanical Survey Memoir
    5. Memoir (Botanical Survey of South Africa)
    6. Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens
    7. Flowering Plants of Africa
  16. Tower Hill Botanic Garden
    1. Transactions of the Worcester County Horticultural Society
  17. Forest & Bird
    1. New Zealand Birds
  18. Albany Museum (Grahamstown, South Africa)
    1. Records of the Albany Museum
    2. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums
    3. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums
    4. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History)
    5. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Human Sciences)
    6. Southern African Field Archaeology
  19. Association of Southeastern Biologists
    1. SEB Bulletin
    2. Southeastern Biology
  20. Pacific Coast Entomological Society
    1. Memoirs of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society
    2. Proceedings of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society
    3. Pan-Pacific Entomologist
  21. Southern California Academy of Sciences
    1. Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences
  22. American Birding Association
    1. North American Birds

To learn more about how BHL handles copyright, see the Licensing and Copyright page on the BHL wiki. To see a complete list of in-copyright titles for which BHL has permission, as well as an explanation of how copyright information is displayed in BHL, see the Permissions page. And don’t forget to follow BHL on Facebook and Twitter (@BioDivLibrary) to get updates on new content!

Thanks again to the many organizations who continue to make BHL an invaluable resource by sharing their in-copyright publications.

October 18, 2016by [email protected]
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About BHL

The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is the world’s largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. BHL operates as a worldwide consortium of natural history, botanical, research, and national libraries working together to digitize the natural history literature held in their collections and make it freely available for open access as part of a global “biodiversity community.”

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